The paper examines the regulatory framework of climate projects, as well as cases of their implementation in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the main ways to implement climate projects in water transport. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between the requirements imposed by the regulatory framework for climate projects and the methods established in the international maritime industry to reduce fuel consumption and marine power plant’s greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Conclusions and requirements regarding climate projects in marine transport have been formed. The study demonstrates the regulatory framework for the application of climate projects and outlines the main ways to implement climate projects in water transport. The analysis of climate projects in the Russian Federation that have been implemented or are being considered or adopted has shown that there are currently no such projects in the transport sector; therefore, the first steps towards preparation and implementation of climate projects in the transport industry will require additional efforts from transport companies. The further steps of the authors will be to assess the attractiveness of the participation of stakeholders in climate projects related to making changes to the design or device of the vessel in order to meet the formal criteria of the climate projects.

Installation of the resonator in a generally accepted form on two-stroke outboard motors is not possible due to such technical features of the motors as exhaust in deadwood, limitation of the length of the outboard motors for engines of different power due to the regulated height of the transom, a rotating vertical shaft in the exhaust gas outlet zone, the inability to change the configuration of the exhaust system due to a certain shape of the deadwood part having a certain design aimed at improving, primarily, hydrodynamic characteristics and, secondly, strength characteristics taking into account the cantilever arrangement of the motor. Based on the accumulated experience of the Scientific, Educational and Production Laboratory "Outboard Boat Motors" of the Department of Operation of Water Transport and Industrial Fisheries of the Astrakhan State Technical University in the field of reducing the environmental impact of small vessels with outboard boat motors, and taking into account their design features, a device is being developed capable of replacing the resonator according to its characteristics. The proposed device is capable of creating an air valve that can stop the flow of exhaust gases with a part of the fresh charge when their pressure decreases at the outlet of the exhaust window by the end of the exhaust process and returns them to the exhaust window. The fresh charge entering the engine cylinder through the intake window during the intake cycle is directed to the exhaust window under the action of purging, where it is delayed by the flow of exhaust gases created by back pressure. The device is also able to reduce the underwater noise of a small vessel due to the interference of sound waves, which is created by the reverse flow of exhaust gases towards the exhaust window. 

The article discusses the determination of accelerations at various points of the ship from the action of second-order nonlinear forces on the basis of three-dimensional potential theory in conditions of irregular waves. To determine them, the spectral method and accelerations previously calculated for regular waves are used. A study is carried out of the influence of changes in heading angle and speed on the maximum values of acceleration. Acceleration calculations are provided for various ships. The significant influence of nonlinear forces on horizontal and vertical accelerations at beam waves 7, 8 and the need to take it into account is shown. 

Polymer composite materials (PCM) are widely accepted in general industry applications, civil construction and transportation of goods. One of the relatively new areas where PCM become accepted are the structures subjected to cryogenic temperatures. The examples of such structures are primarily as follows: tanks for liquid rocket fuel, structural elements of spacecraft, rockets and satellites. In relation to that, the promising area of PCM application would be the construction of ship tanks intended for the storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas tanks. To facilitate the application of such tanks on future gas tankers it is necessary to develop the specific Russian Maritime Register of Shipping rules that would cover the application of such materials. In order to do that it is necessary to perform the analysis of research papers that cover the practical application of PCM under cryogenic temperatures, and to perform laboratory tests. The paper gives the specifics of PCM characteristics behavior under cryo temperatures based on practical application and results of such tests. As a result, the most critical PCM characteristics are identified that should be covered in rule requirements. The structure of new rule requirements have been developed and presented in the paper. 

The article provides data on internal combustion engines installed as main engines on ships built under the technical supervision of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping in 2017 — 2022. There is a tendency to reduce the use of low-speed internal combustion engines on ships of domestic construction with an increase in the proportion of medium- and high-speed diesels. The reasons for this trend are analyzed, which are assumed to be as follows: increased efficiency and power of medium-speed diesels, the composition of the fleet under construction in Russia, the active growth in the use of screw steering columns as propellers, the lack of demand for lowspeed diesels in other transport and energy sectors. 

The paper presents a material in which a new design is proposed and an assessment of the torque characteristics of the self-coupling is presented, which has significant advantages over imported couplings of a similar purpose. In the proposed coupling, the half-coupling phasing mechanism is made contactless using a system of permanent magnets that ensure the installation of teeth against the depressions of rotating toothed halfcouplings in the process of self-coupling. 

The lifting equipment of a marine vessel plays an important role in the operation of the vessel, the performance of its technological operations. This kind of equipment includes various types of cranes, winches, conveyors, elevators, etc. In most cases, non-stationary processes are observed in their work, which directly affect the operability of the equipment. Cranes, mooring, trawl and anchor winches have the highest number of failures among marine lifting equipment. This is due to the unsteadiness of loading, which includes the influence of hydrometeorological factors, catching on the roughnesses of the bottom, variable characteristics of the towed and lifted cargo. To increase the reliability of such equipment, the use of a hydraulic adaptive control system is proposed. The paper presents the stages of mathematical modeling underlying the development of such a control system, as well as the control algorithm necessary for its software implementation. 

The objects of research are offshore subsea pipelines. Strength, stability and vibration calculations are performed to ensure conditions for their trouble-free and long-term operation. In accordance with the requirements of Rules [1] and [2], a number of factors and loads affecting the pipeline are considered, where it is necessary to take into account the end cap effect, but there are no requirements for taking into account the Bourdon effect. The purpose is to compare the influence of the Bourdon effect and the end cap effect on the free span natural frequency spectrum. For this purpose, using the finite element method, numerical modeling of free spans of various curvatures was performed using two types of finite elements: plate SHELL and tubular PIPE. The former allows to take into account the Bourdon effect directly with or without the end cap effect, while the latter allows to take into account only the end cap effect. As a result of the static structural analysis under the action of internal pressure, the convergence of the plate and tubular models in terms of maximum equivalent stress was obtained, but there is a large difference in deformations, support reactions and buckling eigenvalues, and the tubular model significantly overestimates the latter, which indicates the inadmissibility of its use in assessing global buckling of high pressure pipelines. As a result of the modal analysis, both taking into account and without taking into account the initial stresses from internal pressure, a tendency was revealed for the tubular model to overestimate the values of natural frequencies, although with a difference that fits within the engineering 10 %. Since the use of shell finite elements is associated with a noticeable increase in computational costs, which is not always justified and technically feasible, it is recommended in each specific case to justify the choice of the type of elements, which is possible both through comparative calculations and through safety factors. In general, it has been revealed that the end cap effect is not an equivalent replacement for the Bourdon effect when calculating pipeline buckling and vibration, although it makes it possible to simplify the implementation of the latter through the use of pipe finite elements. 

Untreated ballast water from cargo ships poses a risk of biological pollution of water areas. This problem has become relevant for Russia in connection with its accession to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments of 2004. When analyzing Russian legislation, opportunities were identified for improving the regulatory framework specifying the provisions of this Convention. Existing local regulations can form the basis for federal legislation, which will improve the efficiency of the legal mechanism regulating ballast water management, as well as specify responsibility for violating the requirements of the Convention. As a result of the study, methods for developing federal and local regulations governing ballast water management were considered, options for establishing responsibility for their violations were described, and ways to create a monitoring system for ballast water and port waters were identified.