Issues of implementation of the requirements of the international convention for the control and management of ships' ballast water and sediments in the Russian Federation

Untreated ballast water from cargo ships poses a risk of biological pollution of water areas. This problem has become relevant for Russia in connection with its accession to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments of 2004. When analyzing Russian legislation, opportunities were identified for improving the regulatory framework specifying the provisions of this Convention. Existing local regulations can form the basis for federal legislation, which will improve the efficiency of the legal mechanism regulating ballast water management, as well as specify responsibility for violating the requirements of the Convention. As a result of the study, methods for developing federal and local regulations governing ballast water management were considered, options for establishing responsibility for their violations were described, and ways to create a monitoring system for ballast water and port waters were identified. 

1. Maritime Transport Review. 2023. General review. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. — Geneva, 2023. — Pp. 9 — 10. URL: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2023overview_ru.pdf (accessed 11.02.2024).

2. International Maritime Organization. Convention. International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004, accepted IMO 13 Feb. 2004. — 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, 2004. — 127 p.

3. Drozdov V.V., Frumin G.T., Kosenko A.V., Boev A.S. Razrabotka i analiz pokazateley transgranichnogo biologicheskogo zagryazneniya ballastnymi vodami sudov ekosistemy Baltiyskogo morya [Development and analysis of indicators of transboundary biological pollution from ballast water of ships in the Baltic Sea ecosystem] // Uchenye zapiski Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo gidrometeorologicheskogo universiteta. — 2012. — № 26. — Pp. 172 — 189.

4. Vostokov S.V., Gadzhiev A.A., Vostokova A.S., Rabazanov N.I. Grebnevik Beroe cf. ovata v Kaspiyskom more. Nachalo novogo etapa evoljutsii Kaspiyskoy ekosistemy? [Ctenophore Beroe cf. ovata in the Caspian Sea. The beginning of a new stage in the evolution of the Caspian ecosystem?] // Yug Rossii: ecologya, razvitie. — 2020. — T. 15, № 4. — Pp. 21 — 35.

5. Status of IMO Treaties. — 29 September 2021. URL: https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Status%20-%202021.pdf (accessed 11.02.2024).

6. Barinova L.D., Kejzer L.S., Lemesh G.A. Vliyanie sudokhodstva na izmenenie biologicheskogo raznoobraziya [Impact of shipping on changes in biodiversity] // Nauchno-tekhnichesky sbornik Rossiyskogo morskogo registra sudokhodstva. — 1996. — № 19. — Pp. 200 — 203.

7. Russian Federation. Laws. Code of Merchant Shipping of the Russian Federation: Federal Law N 81-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on March 31, 1999 : approved by the Federation Council on April 22, 1999 : ed. from January 1, 2024. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901732423 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

8. Russian Federation. Laws. On environmental protection: Federal Law N 7-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on December 20, 2001 : approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2001 : ed. from January 1, 2024. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901808297 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

9. Russian Federation. Laws. On the continental shelf of the Russian Federation: Federal Law N 187-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on October 25, 1995, ed. dated October 19, 2023. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9014792 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

10. Russian Federation. Laws. On the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation: Federal Law N 191-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on November 18, 1998 : approved by the Federation Council on December 2, 1998 : ed. dated June 28, 2022. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901722706 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

11. Russian Federation. Laws. On internal sea waters, the territorial sea and the contiguous zone of the Russian Federation: Federal Law N 155-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on July 16, 1998 : approved by the Federation Council on July 17, 1998 : ed. dated October 19, 2023. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901714424 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

12. Russian Federation. Laws. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: Federal Law N 63-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on May 24, 1996 : approved by the Federation Council on June 5, 1996 : ed. dated December 25, 2023. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/ (accessed 12.02.2024). (In Russ.)

13. Russian Federation. Laws. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences: Federal Law N 195-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on December 20, 2001 : approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2001 : ed. from 01/05/2024. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901807667 (accessed 12.02.2024). (In Russ.)

14. Russian Federation. Laws. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part one: Federal Law N 51-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on October 21, 1994 : ed. from October 1, 2023. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9027690 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

15. Russian Federation. Laws. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part two: Federal Law N 14-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on December 22, 1995 : ed. dated September 12, 2023. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9027703?marker=7D20K3 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

16. Russian Federation. Laws. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part three: Federal Law N 146-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on November 1, 2001 : approved by the Federation Council on November 14, 2001 : ed. dated August 4, 2023. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901799839/titles/64U0IK (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

17. Russian Federation. Laws. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part four: Federal Law N 230-FZ : Adopted by the State Duma on November 24, 2006 : approved by the Federation Council on December 8, 2006 : ed. dated January 30, 2024. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902019731 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

18. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2012 N 256 ‘On the accession of the Russian Federation to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments of 2004’. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902338489 (accessed 28.02.2024). (In Russ.)

19. SanPiN 2.1.3684-21. ‘Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the maintenance of territories of urban and rural settlements, for water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, organization and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures’: approved by the resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 N 3. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/573536177 (accessed 03.27.2024). (In Russ.)

20. Order No. 45829 dated March 3. 2017 on approval of Mandatory Regulations in the seaport ‘Big Port of St. Petersburg’ / Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. — 54 p. (In Russ.)

21. Plan for the integrated application of the international convention on the control and management of ships' ballast water and sediments in the seaport of Novorossiysk. Approved by the head of the Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Administration of Black Sea Seaports’ V.V. Erygin on November 25, 2017. Agreed by the captain of the seaport of Novorossiysk E.V. Tuzinkevich on November 24, 2017. — Novorossiysk, 2017. — 46 p. (In Russ.)

22. Rosprirodnadzor revealed the fact of pollution of the river water area. Don in the area of the Azov seaport. URL: https://rpn.gov.ru/news/rosprirodnadzor_vyyavil_fakt_zagryazneniya_akvatorii_r_don_v_rayone_morskogo_porta_azov/?sphrase_id=1251677 (accessed 24.02.2024). (In Russ.)

23. Certificate of recognition of the testing laboratory No. 17.60014.185. Date of issue: 07/14/2017. Approved by the head of the Novorossiysk branch of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping Esipenko I.V. URL: https://lk.rs-class.org/regbook/getIndustry?d=E4D33633-8CC5-6401-8C28-F0F2D66492F4 (accessed 12.02.2024). (In Russ.)

24. Certificate of recognition of the testing laboratory No. 19.70190.185. Date of issue: 08/21/2019. Approved by the head of the Novorossiysk branch of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping Esipenko I.V. URL: https://lk.rs-class.org/regbook/getIndustry?d=463A704D-5F60-6D34-7BCB-B0116DA0E8E4 (accessed 12.02.2024). (In Russ.)

25. Cherepovitsyn A.E., Tsvetkov P.S., Evseeva O.O. Kritichesky analiz metodicheskikh podkhodov k otsenke ustoychivosti arkticheskikh neftegazovykh proektov [Critical analysis of methodological approaches to assessing sustainability of arctic oil and gas projects]. Journal of Mining Institute. — 2021. — Vol. 249. — Pp. 463 — 479. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2021.3.15.

26. Vasileva Z.V., Vasekha M.V., Tyulyaev V.S. Otsenka effektivnosti sorbentov dl’a reagirovaniya na avariynye razlivy nefti v arkticheskoy akvatorii [Evaluation of the efficiency of sorbents for accidental oil spill response in the Arctic waters]. Journal of Mining Institute. — 2023. — Vol. 264. — Pp. 856 — 864. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.14.

27. Historical record of the Northern Sea Route: the volume of cargo transportation in 2023 exceeded 36,254 million tons. URL: https://rosatom.ru/journalist/news/-istoricheskiy-rekord-sevmorputi-obem-gruzoperevozok-za-2023-god-prevysil-36-254-mln-tonn/ (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

28. Milestones of the long journey. Northern Sea Route and its main ports. URL: https://arctic-russia.ru/article/vekhi-bolshogo-puti/ (accessed 29.02.2024). (In Russ.)

29. Seaport of Sabetta. URL: https://rosatomport.ru/port_sabetta (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

30. Murmansk branch. Sea ports. URL: https://www.rosmorport.ru/filials/mur_seaports/ (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

31. Arkhangelsk branch. Sea ports. URL: https://www.rosmorport.ru/filials/arf_seaports/ (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

32. Seaport of Dudinka. URL: https://rosatomport.ru/port_dudinka (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

33. Seaport Naryan-Mar. URL: https://polartrans.ru/information/morskoj-port-naryan-mar.html (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

34. North-Eastern Basin Branch. Sea ports. URL: https://www.rosmorport.ru/filials/vaf_seaports/ (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

35. Order No. СГ-167-р dated April 29. 2014 On entering information about the seaport of Provideniya into the Register of seaports of the Russian Federation / Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transport. — 5 p. (In Russ.)

36. Dixon seaport. URL: https://polartrans.ru/information/morskoj-port-dikson.html (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

37. Tiksi seaport. URL: https://polartrans.ru/information/morskoj-port-tiksi.html (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

38. Port of Igarka. URL: https://ecoshp.ru/blog/port-igarka/ (accessed 03.04.2024). (In Russ.)

39. Xinli Qi, Zhenfu Li, Changping Zhao, Qiqi Zhang, Yutao Zhou. Environmental impacts of Arctic shipping activities: A review. Ocean & Coastal Management. — 2024. — Vol. 247. 106936. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106936.

40. Alekseeva M.B., Bogachev V.F., Gorenburgov M.A. Sistemnaya diagnostika strategii razvitiya promyshlennosti Arktiki [System diagnostics of the Arctic industrial development strategy]. Zapiski Gornogo Instituta. — 2019. — Vol. 238. — Pp. 450 — 458. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2019.4.450.