rmrsНаучно-технический сборник Российского морского регистра судоходстваResearch Bulletin by Russian Maritime Register of Shipping2223-7097Российский морской регистр судоходстваRFTCQLrmrs-157Research ArticleУПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА МОРСКОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕSEA TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENTОбзор новых требований к компетенциям моряков как следствия повышения экологических требованийAn overview of new requirements for seafarers' competencies resulting from increased environmental regulationsВатолинД. С.VatolinD. S.

Канд. техн. наук.

198035 Санкт-Петербург, Двинская ул., 5/7

PhD.

198035 Russia, St. Petersburg, Dvinskaya ul. 5/7

vatolinds@gumrf.ruБуцанецА. А.ButsanetsA. A.

Канд. техн. наук.

198035 Санкт-Петербург, Двинская ул., 5/7; 191186 Санкт-Петербург, Миллионная ул., 7А

PhD.

198035 St. Petersburg, Dvinskaya ul. 5/7; 191186 St. Petersburg, Millionnaya ul., 7A

butsanets.aa@rs-class.orgГосударственный университет морского и речного флота им. адмирала С.О. МакароваРоссияAdmiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland ShippingRussian FederationГосударственный университет морского и речного флота им. адмирала С.О. Макарова; Российский морской регистр судоходстваРоссияAdmiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping; Russian Maritime Register of ShippingRussian Federation2025020220260813846Copyright © Ватолин Д.С., Буцанец А.А., 20262026Ватолин Д.С., Буцанец А.А.Vatolin D.S., Butsanets A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sbornik.rs-class.org/jour/article/view/157

Последние нормативные ограничения в области снижения объема выбросов парниковых газов от морского судоходства, принятые Международной морской организацией, ставят серьезные задачи как для разработчиков судовых энергетических установок и судовладельцев, которым совместно придется искать способы перехода на альтернативные виды топлива, так и перед морскими образовательными учреждениями, готовящими специалистов для отрасли, внутри которой стремительно происходят большие изменения. В данной статье рассмотрены последние постановления IMO по долгосрочной стратегии снижения выбросов углекислоты и других парниковых газов, принятые на сессиях Комитета по защите морской среды. Выполнен краткий анализ изменений в области судоходства, вызванных принятием данной стратегии. Также были рассмотрены базовые требования к учебным программам для сертификации моряков, которым предстоит работать на судах, использующих альтернативные виды топлива.

Recent decisions by the International Maritime Organization to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping pose significant challenges for both ship propulsion system developers and shipowners, who will jointly seek ways to transition to alternative fuels, and for maritime educational institutions, which must train specialists for this rapidly changing industry. This article examines the latest IMO decisions on a long-term strategy for reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, adopted by the Marine Environment Protection Committee. A brief analysis of the changes in shipping caused by the adoption of this strategy is provided. Basic requirements for training programs to be developed for the appropriate certification of seafarers expected to serve on ships using alternative fuels are also discussed.

альтернативные виды топливааммиаксжиженный водородметанолдекарбонизацияпарниковые газыalternative fuelsammonialiquefied hydrogenmethanoldecarbonizationgreenhouse gasesReferencesСавинова А.А. Развитие рынка альтернативных видов судовых топлив в Сингапуре: судового СПГ-топлива и метанола / А.А. Савинова // Экономические науки. — 2025 — № 1 (242) — С. 507 — 513.Savinova A.A. Razvitie rynka al'ternativnykh vidov sudovykh topliv v Singapure: sudovogo SPG-topliva i metanola [Development of the alternative marine fuels market in Singapore: LNG and methanol]. Ekonomicheskie nauki [Economic Studies]. 2025. No. 1 (242). P. 507 — 513.Магаровский В.В. Новое в международной политике снижения эмиссии парниковых газов судами и необходимые мероприятия в морском секторе. Ч. 1. Анализ руководящих документов, определяющих новую политику снижения эмиссии парниковых газов / В.В. Магаровский, В.Н. Половинкин, А.В. Пустошный, О.В. Савченко // Труды Крыловского государственного научного центра. — 2022. — Т. 4, № 402. — С. 141 — 156.Magarovsky V.V., Polovinkin V.N., Pustoshny A.V., Savchenko O.V. Novelties in the international policy towards mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from ships and necessary measures in marine industry. Part 1. Analysis of regulatory documents governing the new policy of greenhouse gas emission mitigation. Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre. 2022. Vol. 4, no. 402. P. 141 — 156. (In Russ.)Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), 3-7 July 2023. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/mepc-80.aspx (23.12.2025).Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), 3-7 July 2023. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/mepc-80.aspx (23.12.2025).Березин А.О. Сравнительный анализ документов стратегического планирования ИМО и Российской Федерации в области сокращения выбросов парниковых газов / А.О. Березин, С.А. Толмачев, В.К. Шурпяк // Научно-технический сборник Российского морского регистра судоходства. — 2025. — № 78. — С. 23 — 34. —EDN WZWOPO. (In Russ.)Berezin А.О., Tolmachev S.A., Shurpyak V.K. Comparative analysis of IMO and Russian Federation strategic planning documents related to greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Research Bulletin by Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. 2025. No. 78. P. 23 — 34. EDN WZWOPO. (In Russ.)IMO approves net-zero regulations for global shipping. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/pressbriefings/pages/imo-approves-netzero-regulations.aspx (23.12.2025).IMO approves net-zero regulations for global shipping. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/pressbriefings/pages/imo-approves-netzero-regulations.aspx (23.12.2025).Реуцкий А.С. Анализ положений руководящих принципов ИМО по оценке интенсивности выбросов парниковых газов на протяжении жизненного цикла для всех видов судового топлива / А.С. Реуцкий, В.К. Шурпяк, С.А. Толмачев // Научно-технический сборник Российского морского регистра судоходства. — 2025. — № 79. — С. 14 — 25. — EDN FBBBJV.Reutskii A.S., Shurpyak V.K., Tolmachev S.A. Analysis of the IMO guidelines for estimating the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle for all types of marine fuels. Research Bulletin by Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. 2025. No. 79. P. 14 — 25. EDN FBBBJV. (In Russ.)Maritime Safety Committee — 109th session (MSC 109), 2-6 December 2024. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meet-ingsummaries/pages/msc-109th-session.aspx (23.12.2025).Maritime Safety Committee — 109th session (MSC 109), 2-6 December 2024. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meet-ingsummaries/pages/msc-109th-session.aspx (23.12.2025).Maritime Safety Committee — 110th session (MSC 110), 18-27 June 2025. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/msc-110th-session.aspx (23.12.2025).Maritime Safety Committee — 110th session (MSC 110), 18-27 June 2025. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/msc-110th-session.aspx (23.12.2025).Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping, 11th session (HTW 11), 10-14 February 2025. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/htw-11th-session.aspx (23.12.2025).Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping, 11th session (HTW 11), 10-14 February 2025. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/htw-11th-session.aspx (23.12.2025).Нейжмак М.Р. Использование аммиака в качестве топлива для судов с целью снижения выбросов диоксида углерода в атмосферу / М.Р. Нейжмак, А.И. Епихин, М.А. Модина // Эксплуатация морского транспорта. — 2021. — № 4. — C. 131 — 138.Neizhmak M.R., Epikhin A.I., Modina M.A. The use of ammonia as fuel for ships in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Ekspluatatsiya morskogo transporta [Operation of Marine Transport]. 2021. No. 4. P. 131 — 138. (In Russ.)Seafarer training for marine ammonia fuel comes into focus. URL: https://ammoniaenergy.org/articles/seafarer-training-for-marine-ammonia-fuel-comes-into-focus/ (23.12.2025).Seafarer training for marine ammonia fuel comes into focus. URL: https://ammoniaenergy.org/articles/seafarer-training-for-marine-ammonia-fuel-comes-into-focus/ (23.12.2025).Hydrotug 1: the very first hydrogen-powered tug. URL: https://www.portofantwerpbruges.com/en/hydrotug-1-very-first-hydrogen-powered-tug (23.12.2025).Hydrotug 1: the very first hydrogen-powered tug. URL: https://www.portofantwerpbruges.com/en/hydrotug-1-very-first-hydrogen-powered-tug (23.12.2025).First liquid hydrogen bunkering in the port of Amsterdam. URL: https://www.portofamsterdam.com/en/nieuws/first-liquid-hydrogen-bunkering-port-amsterdam (23.12.2025).First liquid hydrogen bunkering in the port of Amsterdam. URL: https://www.portofamsterdam.com/en/nieuws/first-liquid-hydrogen-bunkering-port-amsterdam (23.12.2025).Hanwha, Baker Hughes to develop fuel-flexible small-size turbines for maritime propulsion. URL: https://ammoniaenergy.org/articles/hanwha-baker-hughes-to-develop-fuel-flexible-small-size-turbines-for-maritime-propulsion/ (23.12.2025).Hanwha, Baker Hughes to develop fuel-flexible small-size turbines for maritime propulsion. URL: https://ammoniaenergy.org/articles/hanwha-baker-hughes-to-develop-fuel-flexible-small-size-turbines-for-maritime-propulsion/ (23.12.2025).Hanwha Power Systems: deploying ammonia gas turbines onboard vessels. URL: https://ammoniaenergy.org/articles/hanwha-power-systems-deploying-ammonia-gas-turbines-onboard-vessels/ (23.12.2025).Hanwha Power Systems: deploying ammonia gas turbines onboard vessels. URL: https://ammoniaenergy.org/articles/hanwha-power-systems-deploying-ammonia-gas-turbines-onboard-vessels/ (23.12.2025).GE Teams with Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding on COGES LNG carrier design. URL: https://www.geaerospace.com/sites/default/files/HZ-LNG-carrier-case-history.pdf (23.12.2025).GE Teams with Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding on COGES LNG carrier design. URL: https://www.geaerospace.com/sites/default/files/HZ-LNG-carrier-case-history.pdf (23.12.2025).Пащенко Д.И. Аммиак как топливо для газотурбинных установок с термохимической рекуперацией тепла отходящих газов / Д.И. Пащенко // Теплоэнергетика. — 2025. — № 1. — P. 3 — 11.Pashchenko D.I. Ammonia as a fuel for gas-turbine units with thermochemical recuperation of exhaust gas heat. Teploenergetika [Thermal Power Engineering]. 2025. No. 1. P. 3 — 11.Pathways to a low carbon future — LNG carrier nuclear ship concept design. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/advisories-and-debriefs/pathways-to-low-carbon-lng-carrier.pdf (23.12.2025).Pathways to a low carbon future — LNG carrier nuclear ship concept design. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/advisories-and-debriefs/pathways-to-low-carbon-lng-carrier.pdf (23.12.2025).Requirements for Nuclear Power Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/special_service/346-requirements-for-nuclear-power-systems-for-marine-and-offshore-applications-2024/346-nuclear-power-systems-reqts-oct24.pdf (23.12.2025).Requirements for Nuclear Power Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/special_service/346-requirements-for-nuclear-power-systems-for-marine-and-offshore-applications-2024/346-nuclear-power-systems-reqts-oct24.pdf (23.12.2025).Pathways to a low carbon future — Floating nuclear power plant. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/publications/whitepapers/pathways-to-low-carbon-fnpp.pdf (23.12.2025).Pathways to a low carbon future — Floating nuclear power plant. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/publications/whitepapers/pathways-to-low-carbon-fnpp.pdf (23.12.2025).Pathways to a low carbon future — Floating nuclear power data center. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/publications/pathways-to-nuclear-data-center.pdf (23.12.2025).Pathways to a low carbon future — Floating nuclear power data center. URL: https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/publications/pathways-to-nuclear-data-center.pdf (23.12.2025).KEPCO E&C's SMR BANDI for marine-based applications: Current status and challenges. URL: https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/smr/SMR_Platform_Meeting_Public_Assets/INT2023%20Workshops%202023-%20Technology%20Development%20and%20Applications%20of%20Small%20Modular%20Reactor%20for%20SMRs/Interregional%20Event%20on%20Technology%20Development%20and%20Ap-plications%20of%20Small%20Modular%20Reactors/4_2_Bjlee_Korea.pdf (23.12.2025).KEPCO E&C's SMR BANDI for marine-based applications: Current status and challenges. URL: https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/smr/SMR_Platform_Meeting_Public_Assets/INT2023%20Workshops%202023-%20Technology%20Development%20and%20Applications%20of%20Small%20Modular%20Reactor%20for%20SMRs/Interregional%20Event%20on%20Technology%20Development%20and%20Ap-plications%20of%20Small%20Modular%20Reactors/4_2_Bjlee_Korea.pdf (23.12.2025).Korean designed nuclear-powered LNG carrier certified. URL: https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/korean-designed-nuclear-powered-lng-carrier-certified (23.12.2025).Korean designed nuclear-powered LNG carrier certified. URL: https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/korean-designed-nuclear-powered-lng-carrier-certified (23.12.2025).Saltfoss [official website]. URL: https://saltfoss.com/ (23.12.2025).Saltfoss [official website]. URL: https://saltfoss.com/ (23.12.2025).MSC 110th session. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/temporary-msc-110-summary.aspx (23.12.2025).MSC 110th session. URL: https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/meetingsummaries/pages/temporary-msc-110-summary.aspx (23.12.2025).Small modular reactors for marine-based nuclear power plant: Technologies, designs and applications. URL: https://aris.iaea.org/Publications/2023%20IAEA%20Marine%20Based%20SMR%20Booklet.pdf (23.12.2025).Small modular reactors for marine-based nuclear power plant: Technologies, designs and applications. URL: https://aris.iaea.org/Publications/2023%20IAEA%20Marine%20Based%20SMR%20Booklet.pdf (23.12.2025).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.